今天新航道常州雅思培训小编为大家带来的是最容易出错的雅思写作常用句子。因果关系是在英文写作时最常用到的一种逻辑关系,然而表现因果关系的句子也最容易出现文法、修辞的错误。这里常州雅思培训小编就来分析一下表示因果关系的句子中容易犯的错误,以及怎样才是符合文法、修辞要求的作法。
接下来,常州新航道在线辅导班结合三个例子来进行总结:
例一
X(不佳):The reason why he wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
他不愿参加婚礼的原因是新娘曾是他的女友。
这个句子的文法修辞问题不止一处。
首先,the reason 和why 同样表示“原因”,这种重复在修辞上不够经济,可省去关系词 why,或者以连接词 that 取代,成为:
X(不佳):The reason (that) he wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
这样修改之后仍不理想,原因之一是 the reason 和 because 仍然重复表达“原因”,应再精简。
如果把the reason去掉,成为:
X(不佳):He wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
如此虽然解决了重复的问题,可是仍不理想,主要是 because the bride was once his girlfriend 这个子句 却在be动词后面 作主语补语使用,这是文法上的错误。
亦即,because 引导的副词子句 不应该放在be动词后面的补语位置,前者为果、后者为因的“因果关系”。
要表达这种关系,最直截了当地改为:
√ He wouldn’t go to the wedding because the bride was once his girlfriend.
或者:
√ The reason he wouldn’t go to the wedding is that the bride was once his girlfriend.
比较这两句,可发现前者比较简洁(字数较少),这是它的优点。
后者虽然字数较多,可是能够发挥 加强预期的功能(强调他不去的原因何在)。
既然有特殊的修辞功能,就不能说是冗长,因而也是一个可能的选择。
例二
X(不佳):The electric car is not yet a practical alternative to the gasoline car, the reason being that there are not many charging stations around.
电动车还不是汽油车之外的实际选择,原因在于充电站并不普 遍。
这个句子中,the reason being that... 是 because the reason is that 的简化。
它的主语 the reason 与主要子句主词 the electric car 不同,所以在简化时要保留。
这种处理方式在文法上是正确的,然而从修辞上来看,the reason being that...稍显冗长,不如改为 because 比较简洁:
√ The electric car is not yet a practical alternative to the gasoline car, (the reason being…) because there are not many charging stations around.
例三
X(不佳):The crop failed due to excessive rain in the final weeks before harvest.
农作物歉收,因为收成前最后几个星期雨水过多。
这个句子不佳,因为词类有错误。
Due的词类是形容词,而英文的形容词是用来修饰名词的,只有两种位置可以使用:
1. 名词词组中,例如 in due time(到了恰当的时间);
2. 补语位置,例如 The books are due.(书到期该换了)
在上面的句子中,用形容词词组 due to... 来修饰动词 failed 的原因,是误把形容词当副词用,属于文法错误。
可以这样改:
√ The crop failed was due to excessive rain in the final weeks before harvest.
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